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Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex Syndrome)
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Acrokeratosis paraneoplastic of Bazex is a rare syndrome which denotes the presence of a skin condition as a marker of an underlying internal malignancy.
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Actinic Granuloma
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Actinic granuloma is a chronic plaque-like and often annular cutaneous photoeruption with mixed inflammatory dermal infiltrate numerous multinucleated giant cells and prominent elastolysis
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Amelanotic Cellullar Blue Nevus
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Amelanotic cellular blue nevus is a cellular blue nevus with minimal or without melanin pigmentation.
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Angioma Serpiginosum
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AS is a rare nevoid vascular malformation that usually occurs in the papillary and superficial dermis with no evidence of inflammation, hemorrhage or pigmentation.
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Calciphylaxis
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Calciphylaxis is a poorly understood disease of vascular calcification and skin necrosis1.
The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis remains obscure. It is associated with chronic renal failure, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, an elevated calcium-phosphate product, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Most patients with calciphylaxis have a long-standing history of chronic renal failure associated with abnormal calcium metabolism and results in a spectrum of end-organ damage due to ischemia.
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Clear Cell Acanthoma
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Clear cell acanthoma is a benign, slow growing nodular or plaque-like hyperplasia of the epidermis characterized clinically by a predilection for the lower extremities of the middle aged and elderly, and histologically by a sharply demarcated intra-epidermal proliferation of glycogen-rich keratinocytes.
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Congenital Nevi and Malignant Melanoma
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Congenital nevi are benign nevomelanocytic proliferations present at birth.
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Desmoplastic melanoma
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DM is a spindle cell vertical growth phase melanoma with various degrees of desmoplasia that can develop de novo or in a pre-existing radial growth phase lesion. In the latter case, it has clinical and histologic features of lentigo maligna, acral-lentiginous melanoma, or mucosal-lentiginous melanoma.
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Eccrine Spiradenoma
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Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign eccrine neoplasm consisting of two cell types, peripoheral small dark cells and large pale cells, that form primitive eccrine coils and luminal structures. Together these cells form well-defined lobules in the dermis with no connection to the overlying epidermis.
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Equine/Animal Type Melanoma
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Equine /Animal Type Melanoma (AMM) is a rare variant of malignant melanoma which is jet black and composed of a confluent proliferation of melanocytes with striking melanin synthesis reminiscent of vertical growth phase melanoma.
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Erythema annulare centrifugum
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Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a cutaneous annular erythematous lesion with fine scale on the inner margins of their rims. The pathogenesis is unknown. It may be associated with drug, connective tissue disorders, bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal infection, or underlying malignancy, etc1.
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Hobnail Hemangioma
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Hobnail or Targetoid Hemosiderotic Hemangioma is a benign vascular proliferation clinically often presenting as a targetoid lesion and histologically formed by vascular proliferation lined by plump endothelial cells with large nuclei and small amounts of cytoplasm which protrude in the vascular lumen.
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Inverted Type A Nevus
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Inverted type A nevus is a distinctive type of melanocytic nevus. The dermal component of which is formed, at least in part, by type A melanocytes. Some deep penetrating (1) and plexiform spindle cell nevi (2) may be considered variants of inverted type A nevi. Inverted type A nevus can also be a component of a combined nevus (3).
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Lichen Striatus
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Lichen striatus is an uncommon self-limiting linear dermatosis with unknown etiology and spontaneous regression. It primarily occurs in children from 5 to 15 years of age, but may also be seen in adults (6).
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Lupus Erythematous Tumidus
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LET is a chronic erythematous annular dermatitis involving sun exposed skin, and is associated with perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrate with dermal edema and mucin deposition. Epidermal and interface changes associated with discoid and subcutaneous lupus erythematosus is absent.
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Merkel Cell Carcinoma
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Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin) is an aggressive primary cutaneous neoplasms with neuroendocrine/Merkel Cell differentiation.
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Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma
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MAC is a locally invasive eccrine neoplasm showing basaloid, epidermoid and ductal differentiation. It diffusely into deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue and is invariably associated with a desmoplastic stroma. Perineural invasion and involvement of the subcutis and skeletal muscle are common features.
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Morphea
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Morphea is a localized self-limiting variant of scleroderma characterized morphologically by deep dermal and subcutaneous collagen deposition and sclerosis.
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Necrosbiosis Lipoidica
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Necrobiosis lipoidica is an idiopathic granulomatous disorder belonging to the palisading granulomatous group. In at least 55% of the cases it is associated with diabetes. Histologically it is characterized by involvement of the entire skin..
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Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
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PRP is a rare, chronic disease of unknown etiology with a unique combination of features including thick, smooth, yellow palms and soles, erythroderma, and well defined “skip spots” of normal skin surrounded by a background of erythema and red follicular papules on the dorsal aspects of the proximal phalanges, elbows, and knees. PRP is subclassified into a number of types, with the classical adult PRP (type 1) and juvenile PRP being the most common.
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Sarcoidosis
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Sarcoidosis is one member of a large family of granulomatous disorders in which the common denominator is the histological demonstration of epitheloid cell granulomas. The cause is unknown although it seems to be associated with several immunological abnormalities.
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Sebaceous Carcinoma
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SC is an aggressive malignant carcinoma showing sebaceous differentiation with propensity for locally invasive behavior and metastasis. It is a dermally based and non-capsulated tumor that composed of lobules of cells with variable sebaceous differentiation. Pagetoid spread of neoplastic cells are commonly present in ocular SC.
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Spitz Nevus
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Spitz nevus was first described by Sophie Spitz in 1948 as a benign juvenile melanoma, which despite some histological similarities to melanoma behaved in a benign clinical course (1). It has also been called spindle cell nevus, epithelioid cell nevus, nevus of large spindle and/or epithelioid cells.
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Talon Noir
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Talon noir is an asymptomatic, trauma-related petechial lesion found primarily on acral sites that histologically is characterized by blood within the stratum corneum (4).
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Trichoblastoma
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TB is a benign dermal basaloid epithelial and stromal neoplasm showing complex architectural relationship between the epithelium and the stroma reminiscent of germinal hair follicle.
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Tumoral Melanosis
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Tumoral melanosis (TM) is a nodular or plaque-like accumulation of melanin-laden macrophages, presenting clinically as a pigmented lesion.
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